Answered By: Theresa Bell (she/her/hers)
Last Updated: Nov 04, 2021     Views: 17235

APA Style (7th ed.)

If you're quoting the questionnaire itself (versus your private results), and if the questionnaire is a public document that you retrieved online, try adapting the following formatting to grey literature to reference the document:

Lastname of questionnaire author, A. (publication year). Title of questionnaire. Website Name. Retrieved from http://www.xxxxx

In-text citation: (Lastname, year, p. X or para. X)

If you are quoting or paraphrasing your questionnaire results, those results are only available to you, which means that unless you post the results on a public website or otherwise publish them, the results aren't available to the general public. Accordingly, please use the format for personal communication to cite your questionnaire results. Personal communication does not provide recoverable data; therefore, the resource is only cited within the text but not in the references (American Psychological Association, 2020, p. 260).

When citing personal communication, provide the first initial and last name of your contact or the group/corporate name, “personal communication”, and the date the communication took place. In the case of the results of the VARK questionnaire, please cite the author of the questionnaire as the source of the information. For example, (A. Author, personal communication, January 25, 2019), or A. Author (personal communication, January 25, 2019). For more information, please see How Do I Cite or Reference Personal Communication in APA Style?.

Reference

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000